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Ting Ye; Ted Westling; Lindsay Page; Luke Keele – Grantee Submission, 2024
The clustered observational study (COS) design is the observational study counterpart to the clustered randomized trial. In a COS, a treatment is assigned to intact groups, and all units within the group are exposed to the treatment. However, the treatment is non-randomly assigned. COSs are common in both education and health services research. In…
Descriptors: Nonparametric Statistics, Identification, Causal Models, Multivariate Analysis