Automated scoring models for the "e-rater"® scoring engine were built and evaluated for the "GRE"® argument and issue-writing tasks. Prompt-specific, generic, and generic with prompt-specific intercept scoring models were built and evaluation statistics such as weighted kappas, Pearson correlations, standardized difference in…

Empirical Bayes (EB) methods are frequently used on hierarchical linear models in practice. This paper provides an overview of parametric EB methods with special emphasis on their application in data-analytic settings. Eight different models with different levels of complexity are described. Comparisons of performance with other methods are…