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Balota, David A.; Neely, James H. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 1980
Undergraduates were induced to expect a recall or recognition test and then to remember a critical list consisting of both high-frequency and low-frequency words. Groups received either an expected or unexpected recall or recognition test. People expecting recall did better, especially with high-frequency words. (Author/RD)
Descriptors: Expectation, Higher Education, Incidental Learning, Intentional Learning
