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Tajeddin, Zia; Khatib, Mohammad; Mahdavi, Mohsen – Language Testing, 2022
Critical language assessment (CLA) has been addressed in numerous studies. However, the majority of the studies have overlooked the need for a practical framework to measure the CLA dimension of teachers' language assessment literacy (LAL). This gap prompted us to develop and validate a critical language assessment literacy (CLAL) scale to further…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Language Tests
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Phakiti, Aek – Language Testing, 2008
This article reports on a large-scale study that aims to validate the theory of strategic competence proposed by Bachman and Palmer (1996) through the use of structural equation modeling (SEM). The present study examines the relationship of test-takers' long-term strategic knowledge (i.e., trait strategies) and actual strategy use (i.e., state…
Descriptors: Structural Equation Models, Measures (Individuals), College Students, Reading Achievement