Doubly bounded continuous data are common in the social and behavioral sciences. Examples include judged probabilities, confidence ratings, derived proportions such as percent time on task, and bounded scale scores. Dependent variables of this kind are often difficult to analyze using normal theory models because their distributions may be quite…

Assuming vectors of item responses depend on ability through a fully specified item response model, this paper presents maximum likelihood equations for estimating the population parameters without estimating an ability parameter for each subject. Asymptotic standard errors, tests of fit, computing approximations, and details of four special cases…

The purpose of this study was to examine the potential effect of false assumptions regarding the motivation of examinees on item calibration and test construction. A simulation study was conducted using data generated by means of several models of examinee item response behaviors (the three-parameter logistic model alone and in combination with…