Using data from a problem-posing project, this study analyzed the characteristics of middle school students' responses to problem-posing prompts that did not match our assumptions and expectations to better understand student thinking. The study found that the characteristics of middle school students' unexpected responses were distributed across…

Background/purpose. Self-efficacy plays a crucial role in enhancing performance in complex tasks such as mathematical modeling, yet its impact remains underexplored. This study examines whether there are influences on students' self-efficacy in modeling. Materials/methods. The research method employs a quantitative design, utilizing regression…

Computational thinking is an essential ability for students in the 21st century. Therefore, this study described students' mathematical computational thinking process in terms of self-efficacy of eighth graders, consisting of 32 students. The applied instruments were self-efficacy questionnaires, computational thinking ability tests, and interview…

The aim of this study is to reveal the mathematical literacy skills of seventh grade students according to the PISA Mathematical Literacy Framework. In the study, a special case study from qualitative research methods was used. The participants of the study were 25 seventh grade students studying in the middle school of a public school in Giresun…

In mathematics education, representations are used in place of mathematical structures, ideas, or relationships to concretize, transform, and represent them. When students interact with these representations, they engage in various cognitive activities such as thinking, reasoning, understanding, remembering, problem-solving, attention, and…

This study explores the task-specific self-efficacy of 1815 Chinese fourth graders and 1767 eighth graders as well as its relationship to their problem-posing performance and the moderating effect of grit on this relationship. the linear regression model, generalised additive model (GAM) and continuous threshold regression model (CTRM) were used.…

Procedural flexibility is an important skill for algebra. Although prior work has focused on measuring students' procedural flexibility using arithmetic problems, word problems may also capture students' flexibility because of their open-ended nature. To date, no published study has examined the use of word problems as another measure of…

In the present study, we illuminate students' multiplicative reasoning in the context of their units-coordinating activity. Of particular interest is to investigate students' use of three levels of units as given material for problem-solving activity, which we regard as supporting a more advanced level of multiplicative reasoning. Among 13 middle…

The purpose of this study is to investigate students' thinking of direct, inverse and nonproportional problems. Thirty two seventh grade students from three different government schools participated in this study. To collect the data, the participants were asked to solve 9 open-ended problems, including 3 direct, 3 inverse and 3 non-proportional…

Constructing multiplicative reasoning is critical for students' learning of mathematics, particularly throughout the middle grades and beyond. Tzur, Xin, Si, Kenney, and Guebert [American Educational Research Association, ERIC No. ED510991, (2010)] conclude that an assimilatory composite unit is a conceptual spring to multiplicative reasoning.…

Researchers have repeatedly found schematic diagrams, both as part of Modified Schema Based Instruction and outside of this problem-solving approach, effective for teaching students with disabilities, including intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), to solve math word problems. The current study was a systematic replication of Bouck,…

This study aims to reveal the mathematical reasoning process of 8th-grade students and the reasoning indicators they use in this process. The study was carried out in line with the data obtained from the Mathematical Reasoning Test (MRT) administered to 292 8th-grade students. The mathematical reasoning performances of the participants were…

Problem posing has an important place in mathematics education curriculum in many countries. There are a few studies in the literature that reveal students' problem posing processes. The purpose of this research is to examine the problem posing processes of middle school students in geometry. The Research was carried out with 160 students who are…

This study aimed to examine the effect of using the flipped classroom model on students' proportional reasoning. In this context, the study focused on students' achievement and solution strategies for proportional reasoning problems. The participants of the study were 56 seventh-grade students, who were determined by convenience sampling method.…

In this article, we consider the phenomenon of improvisation by small groups of middle years students while engaged in rich mathematical tasks in a classroom setting. Working from the premise that improvisation comprises a spectrum of behaviour, we propose that there is a range of improvisational behaviours that may be observed as the students…