This study investigates the characteristics of Japanese primary school mathematics lessons that adopt a problem-solving approach. We argue that these characteristics are reflected in three key aspects: collective teaching and learning, the lesson as a "drama" (i.e., its structured flow), and the focus on mathematical knowledge. In this…

The decisions that teachers make in transforming the curriculum into specific lesson plans determine the real enactment or otherwise of curricular ideals. These decisions are shaped by the resources available and by each teacher's goals and orientations. This exploratory study employs Schoenfeld's decision-making model to examine how resources,…

A solid understanding of fractions is the cornerstone for acquiring proficiency with rational numbers and paves the way for learning advanced mathematical concepts, such as algebra. Fraction difficulties limit not only students' educational and vocational opportunities but also their ability to solve everyday problems. Students who exit 6th grade…

This study explores and analyzes the specific performance of large language models (LLMs) in instructional design, aiming to unveil their potential strengths and possible weaknesses. Recently, the influence of LLMs has gradually increased in multiple fields, yet exploratory research on their application in education remains relatively scarce. In…

This study introduces a framework for analyzing opportunities for mathematical reasoning (MR) in school mathematics, using MR-relevant claims and their derivation as the unit of analysis. We contend that this approach can effectively capture a broad range of opportunities for MR across various teaching situations. The framework, rooted in…

This study aims to clarify the role of generating questions in mathematical modeling and construct principles for teaching and learning mathematical modeling with an emphasis on generating questions. To achieve this purpose, the role of generating questions was determined by solving a sprinkler problem and considering the investigation process.…

Purpose: This study aims to develop a self-reflection scale useful for teachers to improve their skills and to clarify the Japanese teachers' characteristics during mathematics lesson observation (MLO). In MLO, it is important to understand the lesson plan in advance to clarify observation points, and we aim to develop a scale including these…

A variety of factors are associated with the learning difficulty in mathematics in the context of Pakistani schools. This study explored the different causes of learning difficulties in mathematics faced by primary school students in Karachi, Pakistan. Using a quantitative research design, the data was gathered from the parents and teachers of…

The aim of this study is to develop a descriptive framework for teacher educators to assist teachers to plan and realize modelling implementations in their classrooms and for researchers to describe and analyse how modelling is implemented. The planning process and implementations of 12 middle and high school mathematics teachers who conducted…

In this paper we examine how facilitators' prior experiences as mathematics teachers frame their work when facilitating a practice-based professional development (PD) for the first time. We focus on the experiences of a novice facilitator of StoryCircles, a professional learning process in which teachers collectively script and visualize a…

Coordinate geometry is an important part of mathematics. It helps students develop thinking, logic, and problem-solving skills. This study was conducted to test the effectiveness of the CORE learning model in promoting students' mathematical problem-solving skills when they learn the method of coordinates in a plane. Consequently, this study used…

Professionals throughout the education system are recognizing that standardized testing is holding students back. Schools tend to view children as "outcomes" rather than as "individuals" who require guidance on thinking critically and creatively. "Awesome Math" focuses on team-based problem solving to teach discrete…

In each educational curriculum, trigonometry is an important subject at upper secondary schools and pre university level that apply in many other subjects such as algebra, calculus, geometry and physics. Many of students have serious problem in learning the trigonometric materials because usually mathematics educators transfer the trigonometric…

Worldwide interest in Lesson Study (LS) and the opportunities offered for student learning through the use of a Structured Problem-Solving Approach (SPSA), as typically adopted in Japanese LS research lessons in mathematics, have left largely unanswered questions about the extent to which these can be replicated elsewhere. This paper presents a…

In this article, the authors explore how the 3C Model can be used to integrate other curriculum areas with mathematics, namely digital technologies. To illustrate the model, they provide a practical example of a teaching sequence. T he 3C Model is designed to create opportunities for applying reasoning and problem-solving skills and learning…