Pre-university mathematics enabling courses can potentially change adult learners' perceptions and beliefs around mathematics, enhance self-efficacy, personal confidence, motivation, and enable achievements that support future study and career goals. Enabling courses, however, often require highly individualised curricula and approaches that can…

The variability effect occurs when learners' exposure to highly variable tasks results in better learning. It was hypothesised that learners who studied high variability worked examples would obtain higher post-test scores compared to learners who studied low variability examples, and learners who self-generated problem solutions for the same high…

This study was designed to identify characteristics of college freshmen taking mathematics courses. Students enrolled in basic algebra courses at a regional campus of a large midwestern university participated in the study. Students were administered an instrument which included a "math autobiography," the Adult Mathematics Expectation Scale…