Email filters classify new messages as either spam or not spam based on word frequency, syntax, and metadata. A "classifier" is an algorithm that maps input data into categories based on distinguishing characteristics, or "features." Features can be raw data or attributes derived from that data. "Feature engineering"…

Through galleries of graphs and short filmstrips, this paper aims to sharpen students' eyes for visually recognizing continuous functions. It seeks to develop intuition for what visual features of a graph continuity does and does not allow for. We have found that even students who can work correctly with rigorous definitions may not be able to…

Research has shown the importance of helping students, especially those with mild-to-moderate learning disabilities, to offload information during problem-solving. When students can get their thoughts onto paper, number line strategies can help them develop a firm foundation in mathematical problem-solving while understanding the relationships…

Baseball. Subway line. Maps. A flower. Each of these contexts involves some form of varying motion or constant change over time: the bi-directional motion of a fly ball, the speed of a subway car, or the growth of a flower until bloom. This article does not highlight students' calculus problem-solving abilities, but rather describes a set of…

Typically, vocabulary instruction is associated as part of reading instruction. However, vocabulary instruction is also a necessary component of mathematics instruction. In fact, state and national standards (e.g., Common Core State Standards) require elementary students to communicate about mathematics to provide clear explanations, construct…

The article describes how to derive the equation of curves that are obtained from string art. Conversely, if the equation of a curve is given, one can find the relation between the intercepts either on a rectangular axes, skewed axis, or a circle to trace out these curves. Some of these curves can be easily traced out using the string art if they…

The latest content and practice standards for mathematics have promoted the use of academic language and discourse in this content area. As such, the WIDA Consortium has evolved its guidelines to deepen teachers' conceptual understanding of language in their content areas, and thus, enable them to provide more effective instruction to multilingual…

Visuospatial representations of numbers and their relationships are widely used in mathematics education. These include drawn images, models constructed with concrete manipulatives, enactive/embodied forms, computer graphics, and more. This paper addresses the analytical limitations and ethical implications of methodologies that use broad…

Fractions are an important concept used throughout advanced mathematical ideas and everyday life. Students need a solid understanding of fraction concepts, such as magnitude, equivalence, and operations. However, many students, including students with learning disabilities (LD) in mathematics, struggle with fractions. In this article, the use of…

A sense of belonging in mathematics--feeling accepted and valued in the field (Good et al., 2012)--is a powerful predictor of student success. However, many students, particularly those from marginalized backgrounds, often lack this feeling as a result of limited representation in curricula and school cultures (Barbieri & Miller-Cotto, 2021).…

Social media artifacts, such as memes, offer a rich opportunity to amplify and explore mathematical discourse in a new way that is responsive to this generation of students. This article summarizes a list of activities developed by the Math Meme Team, a group of interdisciplinary educators and researchers that aims to not only analyze and…

This is the fifth in a series of statistical articles for mathematics teachers. In this article the authors discuss graphs for exploring relationships between one categorical variable and one numerical variable using stemplots and boxplots and between two numerical variables, using scatterplots and time series plots. [For "The Data Files 4:…

Constructing mathematical proofs is a fundamental yet challenging skill in secondary school geometry. While technology has been used to scaffold different aspects of the proving process, existing approaches often separate inquiry and conjecturing from formal proof or focus on structural and technical assistance without addressing students' initial…

The Cell Phone modeling task centers on a Fermi real-world estimation question. The task and rubric can be used at different grade levels to focus on the modeling process and classroom community. Finding time and space to engage students, especially novice modelers, in mathematical modeling can be a challenge, yet the benefits of modeling are…

As a distinct mode of mathematical representation and communication, geometry diagrams are both signs that represent abstract geometric concepts and visual images that offer graphical-spatial properties. Dynamic geometly environment offers a wide range of tools for its users to create and interact with geometry diagrams. In this paper, I propose a…