Students around the world have difficulties in learning about fractions. In many countries, the average student never gains a conceptual knowledge of fractions. This research guide provides suggestions for teachers and administrators looking to improve fraction instruction in their classrooms or schools. The recommendations are based on a…

This article gives two methods of resolving natural numbers into prime factors. Depending upon the number that is being resolved, one method may be better to use than the other. However, it is difficult to tell beforehand which is the better method to employ. Examples are given. (Author/MA)

Examined were the effects of varying the number of practice problems in a programed unit on negative bases designed for high school students. A sample of 421 students from grades 9 through 12 was divided into three groups on the basis of amount of mathematics coursework completed. Students were given four pretests (numeration, arithmetic…

An activity providing practice with whole number addition and subtraction, as well as enlarging on the idea of numeration systems, is described. (DT)

Number bases other than ten can be introduced effectively by presenting fictional civilizations which use them. (SD)

The system of International Standard Book Numbers uses a check code based on modular arithmetic. This system, the use of a simple machine to compute check digits, and related classroom activities are described. (SD)

The "basic fact bug" is a diagrammatic device for use in reinforcing addition or multiplication skills. It is self-checking. (SD)

On a scale of "moja" to "kumi", African math studies rate "kumi" with kids. (Editor)

Patterns emerging when two-digit numbers in various bases are operated on by squaring and summing the digits. (SD)

Several topics concerning numeration systems that are appropriate for small group projects are suggested. (DT)

The concepts of number sense and numeration, operations, and whole-number computations and their importance are discussed. Activities cover developing concepts of operations, exploring patterns and relationships, and building an understanding of mathematical structure. (KR)

This pamphlet consists of 17 brief chapters, each containing a discussion of a numeration system and a set of problems on the use of that system. The numeration systems used include Egyptian fractions, ordinary continued fractions and variants of that method, and systems using positive and negative bases. The book is informal and addressed to…

The title of this mathematics text for preservice elementary teachers is intended to suggest the book's theme of mathematics as an abstraction from human experience with sticks (lines, segments), stones (sets, counting) and other objects. An introductory chapter which describes the objectives of the author and discusses learning and attitudes…

Discussion material and exercises related to pre-algebra groups are provided in this five chapter manual. Chapter 1 (mappings) focuses on restricted domains, order of operations (parentheses and exponents), rules of assignment, and computer extensions. Chapter 2 considers finite number systems, including binary operations, clock arithmetic,…

The purpose of this article is to highlight and discuss the role of language as the link between experiences with number patterns and the emergence of algebraic notation. Discussed is a recommended approach. A sample of a written student response is provided. (CW)