In an informal study, two versions of a story involving probability are introduced to undergraduates. The findings reveal that students have troubles detecting equal probabilities in a sampling scheme without replacement in which no information on earlier draws is available.

This research aimed to examine the difficulties and failures of eleventh-grade students regarding probability concepts. With this aim, ten different open-ended probability problems were asked to the 142 eleventh-grade students. Each of these problems requires using different basic probability concepts. It is qualitative research, and the data…

The Philippines has undergone a fundamental overhaul of its educational system to highlight basic education and overcome its deficiencies. The educational reform prompts prospective teachers to connect the concepts taught to instill a more profound understanding. As such, the researchers explored the mathematical connections made by prospective…

The use of computer simulations in the teaching of introductory statistics can help undergraduate students understand difficult or abstract statistics concepts. The free software environment R is a good candidate for computer simulations since it allows users to add additional functionality by defining new functions. In this paper, we illustrate…

Introductory statistics courses, which are important in preparing students for their daily lives, generally derive inferential statistics from informal knowledge. In this transition process, sampling distributions have an important place, yet research has shown that students often have difficulties with this concept. In order to increase their…

Current developments in the statistics community suggest that modern statistics education should be structured holistically, that is, by allowing students to work with real data and to answer concrete statistical questions, but also by educating them about alternative frameworks, such as Bayesian inference. In this article, we describe how we…

Randomness and distribution are important concepts underpinning the ability to think and reason probabilistically. Traditional approaches to teaching the Poisson distribution focus on mathematical definitions and formulae which obscure the randomness intrinsic in this process. Advances in technology have made it possible for students learning…

Manipulatives have been found to be effective in increasing mathematics achievement when they are put to good use (Canny, 1984; Clements & Battista, 1990; Clements, 1999; Sowell, 1989; Suydam, 1984), but their use in mathematics instruction is not clear and it is often debated to be effective (Ball, 1992; McNeil & Jarvin, 2007). The…

Teachers often use number talks at the beginning of class to hear the ways that students understand mathematical topics so that they can base future instruction on student thinking. Students who engage in number talks become accustomed to thinking about mathematics in multiple ways, sharing their thoughts and critiquing the thoughts of others. The…

Finite Mathematics has become an enormously rich and productive area of contemporary mathematical biology. Fortunately, educators have developed educational modules based upon many of the models that have used Finite Mathematics in mathematical biology research. A sufficient variety of computer modules that employ graph theory (phylogenetic trees,…

Probability education has fast become a contested area, with curriculum authorities in some countries recently suspending its introduction until the post-primary years. In other countries, children as young as 7 years are introduced to informal probability concepts. These recent international shifts in practice have contributed to a paucity of…

In this paper, we give possible suggestions for a classroom lesson about an application of probability using basic mathematical notions. We will approach to some combinatoric results without using "induction", "polynomial identities" nor "generating functions", and will give a proof of the "Vandermonde…

Standard textbooks in core Statistics and Management Science classes present various examples to introduce basic probability concepts to undergraduate business students. These include tossing of a coin, throwing a die, and examples of that nature. While these are good examples to introduce basic probability, we use improvised versions of Russian…

This study measures the mathematical abilities high school graduates' in Bahrain. Mathematical abilities encompass conceptual understanding, procedural knowledge and problem-solving skills in the five content domains which are Number and Operations, Algebra, Geometry, Measurement, and Data Analysis and Probability. While procedural understanding…

We have extended two perspectives of proportional reasoning to solve problems based in probability. Four future middle grade teachers were enrolled in a mathematics content course that emphasized reasoning about multiplication with quantities. The course expected future teachers to generate and explain methods for solving proportions. Probability…