Competence with rational numbers is essential for mathematics proficiency in secondary mathematics. However, many students struggle with rational number concepts, and students with mathematics difficulties struggle even more. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an intervention that incorporated the use of explicit instruction…

Developing and supporting understanding of the meaning of multiplication and multiplicative relationships in students with mathematics learning disabilities requires carefully designed instruction that emphasizes strategic representation use. This article discusses three ways in which teachers can incorporate multiple representations within…

Zero has been philosophically and symbolically interpreted differently from other numbers throughout history. While it is foundational to all mathematics, in early grades, it is denounced as representing "nothing." In this study, the understanding of zero among students with learning disabilities (LD) and no learning disabilities (NLD)…

As they progress to more abstract and complex levels of mathematics, students with learning disabilities (and other students who are struggling with mathematics) can face challenges related to memory and cognition, as well as potential difficulties with math anxiety. For example, quadratic functions can present several challenges for many…

Number lines can benefit students in learning an array of mathematical concepts. An area of mathematics where number lines are visibly underused is in teaching measurement concepts. For students in upper elementary grades, accurate measurements require the use of mathematical precision and coordination, including skills in fractions and decimals,…

Developing and supporting understanding of the meaning of multiplication and multiplicative relationships in students with mathematics learning disabilities requires carefully designed instruction that emphasizes strategic representation use. This article discusses three ways in which teachers can incorporate multiple representations within…

Implementing an integrated sequence of concrete-representational-abstract depictions of mathematics concepts (CRA-I) can improve the mathematics achievement of students with disabilities, and explicit instructional strategies involving problem-solving heuristics and student verbalizations can help facilitate students' conceptual understanding of…

State standards include fluent use of standard computational algorithms. However, learning and using them require conceptual understanding of numbers and operations. Previous research using the concrete--representational--abstract (CRA) sequence has been effective in teaching computational algorithms to students at risk of and students with…

Learning mathematics is difficult for many students, especially students with mathematics learning disabilities MLD. To improve the academic achievement for students with MLD, educational legislations (IDEA 2004; ESSA 2015) mandate that schools must use evidence-base core curricula. Textbooks conveys the intended values and principles for…

Algebra is a gatekeeper. For the 6% of students with dyscalculia (i.e., mathematical learning disabilities), an inability to pass algebra may significantly limit academic and career opportunities. Unfortunately, prior research on dyscalculia has focused almost exclusively on elementary-aged students' deficits in speed and accuracy in arithmetic…

Proportional reasoning and knowledge of fractions are critical skills for completing algebra successfully, yet many students with mathematics learning disabilities (MLD) enter algebra classes without adequate prior knowledge of these skills. This study used a single-subject/case research, combined multiple-baseline and alternating-treatment design…

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the EASY Minds program on working memory and selective attention of a group of Iranian students with maths learning disabilities. The study had a quasi-experimental research design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up tests. Forty students with maths learning disabilities were randomly…

Manipulative-based instructional sequences have proven to be successful with students with disabilities. However, instruction must not only support the acquisition of conceptual and procedural knowledge but also build on students' strengths. This article describes how teachers can use manipulative-based instructional sequences to support the…

Mathematics is language dependent. Part of learning mathematics is learning the mathematical language. Learning disabilities are defined as disorders that are related to listening, thinking, speaking, writing, and reading that are seen in the processes of understanding or using a verbal or written language. In this context, the present study aimed…

Rational number proficiency is predictive of later mathematics achievement, especially for rigorous mathematics courses, such as Algebra I. Students with learning disabilities (LD) in mathematics struggle to make adequate progress on rational number concepts and skills that lay the foundation for successfully completing secondary mathematics…