This study aims to determine the relationship of junior high school students' spatial and mathematical logical intelligence based on understanding the concepts. Spatial intelligence indicators in this study are reviewed from students' abilities in using images as a tool for solving problems, connecting data with concepts that have been held, and…

We explored the mediating role of prior knowledge on the relation between intelligence and learning proportional reasoning. What students gain from formal instruction may depend on their intelligence, as well as on prior encounters with proportional concepts. We investigated whether a basic curriculum unit on the concept of density promoted…

Although much educational research has investigated the relative effectiveness of different educational interventions and policies, little is known about the absolute net benefits of K-12 schooling independent of growth due to chronological age and out-of-school experience. The nearly universal policy of age tracking in schools makes this a…

The relationship between quantitative problem solving and commonsense has provided the basis for an expanding exploration for Colleran and O'Donoghue. For example the authors (Colleran et al., 2002, 2001) discovered the pivotal role commonsense plays in adult quantitative problem solving and suggest commonsense is an important "resource? in…

When instruction is weak and inappropriate to a goal, only students with high intelligence and aptitude learn rules for problem solving. All students learn, when given time, help, and opportunity to practice problems. (RL)