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Peer reviewedBlote, Anke W.; Klein, Anton S.; Beishuizen, Meindert – Learning and Instruction, 2000
Assessed the strategic flexibility of students in mental arithmetic up to the number 100. Results from 60 Dutch second graders show that students' preference for certain mathematical procedures depend on the number characteristics of the problems, indicating that the students had a good conceptual understanding of numbers and procedures. Actual…
Descriptors: Comprehension, Elementary School Students, Foreign Countries, Mathematical Concepts
Peer reviewedBaroody, Arthur J. – Learning and Instruction, 1993
Using R. S. Siegler's retrieval-required task, 19 male and 22 female third graders were examined before they had been introduced to multiplication in school. Examination of error patterns suggests that the basic assumptions of the distribution-of-associations model need to be tested directly and that the retrieval-required task confounds retrieved…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Elementary Education, Elementary School Students, Error Patterns
