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Direct linkRau, Martina A.; Aleven, Vincent; Rummel, Nikol – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2015
Research shows that multiple external representations can significantly enhance students' learning. Most of this research has focused on learning with text and 1 additional graphical representation. However, real instructional materials often employ multiple "graphical" representations (MGRs) in addition to text. An important open…
Descriptors: Graphs, Instructional Materials, Instructional Effectiveness, Educational Experiments
Mullins, Dejana; Rummel, Nikol; Spada, Hans – International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 2011
While some studies found positive effects of collaboration on student learning in mathematics, others found none or even negative effects. This study evaluates whether the varying impact of collaboration can be explained by differences in the type of knowledge that is promoted by the instruction. If the instructional material requires students to…
Descriptors: Video Technology, Feedback (Response), Computer Assisted Instruction, Learning Processes
