Publication Date
| In 2026 | 0 |
| Since 2025 | 0 |
| Since 2022 (last 5 years) | 1 |
| Since 2017 (last 10 years) | 1 |
| Since 2007 (last 20 years) | 1 |
Descriptor
| Educational Research | 1 |
| Longitudinal Studies | 1 |
| Maximum Likelihood Statistics | 1 |
| Scores | 1 |
| Summer Schools | 1 |
| Testing Problems | 1 |
Source
| Annenberg Institute for… | 1 |
Author
| Paul T. von Hippel | 1 |
Publication Type
| Numerical/Quantitative Data | 1 |
| Reports - Evaluative | 1 |
Education Level
Audience
Location
Laws, Policies, & Programs
Assessments and Surveys
What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Download full textPaul T. von Hippel – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2023
Longitudinal studies can produce biased estimates of learning if children miss tests. In an application to summer learning, we illustrate how missing test scores can create an illusion of large summer learning gaps when true gaps are close to zero. We demonstrate two methods that reduce bias by exploiting the correlations between missing and…
Descriptors: Testing Problems, Scores, Educational Research, Longitudinal Studies
