New design opportunities afforded by modern high-intensity light sources, and the many ways of integrating package air-conditioners with the design of buildings, are discussed. A guide to unitary air-conditioners and heat pumps is included. (RK)

This interim report informs the eventual user of the direction of the long-term program; specific criteria are not provided. Five current guidelines in lighting practice were disavowed as follows--(1) that low levels of illumination cause organic harm to the eyes, (2) that the footcandle is the best criterion for determining the proper…

Discusses research undertaken to determine recommended levels of lighting for effective seeing. Factors considered include age, veiling reflections, brightness differences, glare, and pleasantness. Also points out some common lighting practices that are wasteful and inefficient and suggests alternatives. (DN)

Four subjects, aged six to seven, identified as visually impaired, were given training in making eye contact with a stimulus under both white and black light visual field. All subjects performed better under the black light condition, even overcoming the expected practice effect when white light training followed black light training. (Author/SJL)

A fundamental change in attitudes toward lighting can produce considerable reductions in the amount of electricity required to operate educational and other facilities. (Author)

NEW EDUCATIONAL SPECIFICATIONS HAVE CAUSED ARCHITECTS TO USE NEW FORMS WITH THEIR RESULTING NATURAL LIGHTING PROBLEMS. THE PROBLEM CAN BE ENGINEERED WITH THE USE OF MODELS. PREDICTION OF LIGHTING PERFORMANCE IN A BUILDING CAN BE MADE EARLY IN PLANNING. THIS METHOD PROVIDES FOR THE TESTING OF A VARIETY OF TRIAL SCHEMES ECONOMICALLY AND RAPIDLY.…

Fifty-eight undergraduates took part in an experiment evaluating a full-spectrum light closely approximating natural sunlight and a cool-white fluorescent light commonly used in institutional settings. Four classes of a single teaching assistant were used and each class was compared against itself under different lighting conditions. Data were…

The role of reflected glare and visual viewing angles in near task performance is discussed, and following statements are reported--(1) a worker at a desk normally assumes a position in which his eyes traverse an area of work extending from a point approximately vertically below his eyes to a point not more than 40 degrees from the vertical, (2) a…

The same form of lighting will not be effective in all areas of a school facility. Factors to be considered include physical and psychological effects, visual requirements, and cost. A chart illustrates type of lamp, output/energy ratio, light "quality," and applications. (MLF)

Reviews and evaluates studies of the effects of light, color, and air quality on the learning environment. Concludes that studies suggest a role for light in establishing and maintaining physiological functions and balances and a need for improved air quality in airtight, energy efficient buildings. (JHZ)

Provides information to identify and implement the key characteristics which contribute to an efficient and comfortable visual display unit (VDU) lighting installation. Areas addressed include VDU lighting requirements, glare, lighting controls, VDU environment, lighting retrofit, optical filters, and lighting recommendations. A checklist to…

Discusses recent research on how light and color affect bodily functions. (Author)

This study collected data on the physical development, attendance, and school performance effects of four types of school lighting on elementary students over a two-year period. Results indicated that regular exposure to the lights had important nonvisual effects on students. Full-spectrum fluorescent lamps with ultraviolet supplements were found…

Discusses how modern schools require specific lighting systems to accommodate computers and other technologies. Describes special needs for direct and indirect lighting when considering visual display terminals and projectors, and the kind of lighting system best suited for distance learning. Offers ideas on classrooms' physical layout. (RJM)

Successful approaches employed by a principal of a school for blind students in supporting regular class teachers of mainstreamed visually handicapped students are reported. Four factors of importance in evaluating the environment are described: (1) appropriate work space (height of chairs); (2) color contrast problems (work surfaces of adjacent…