High school exit exam requirements are affecting a growing number of U.S. students--particularly low-income students and students of color. This article examines the policy and legal landscape of exit testing policy to shed light on some of the key issues facing local school leaders charged with implementing these policies. The article first…

Even as they struggle to climb out of deep financial holes, states are facing lawsuits that contend they do not meet their constitutions' requirements to provide sufficient funding to districts and fail to provide resources for disadvantaged schools and student populations. This article reports on legal battles in Texas, Colorado, and elsewhere…

Title IX of the Education Reformation Act was passed in 1972 for the purpose of providing equality between males and females in intercollegiate sports. Since its inception the disparity between men's and women's varsity athletics programs has persisted throughout American colleges and universities. Discrimination and equal protection concerns…

Examines how three urban elementary schools could reallocate existing resources to adopt one or more New American Schools whole-school-reform designs. Concludes that all three schools possess the funds necessary to adopt two designs: Modern Red Schoolhouse and Success for All/Roots and Wings. (Contains 36 references.) (PKP)

School administrators are advised to get legal authorization now for as much maneuvering room as can be worked out with vendors of heating fuels and gasoline for school buses. Safeguards for saving gasoline and anti-freeze are outlined. (Author/MF)

The Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources reports an original bill (S. 1238) to amend the Bilingual Education Act to make federal financial assistance available for children of limited English proficiency without mandating a specific method of instruction, to encourage innovation at the state and local levels through greater administrative…

The court cases and legal codes cited in this article include: Brown v. Board of Education, 1954; Hobson v. Hansen, 1967; Diana v. State Board of Education (Calif.), 1970; and, California Education Code, 1972. (SF)

In response to the question of what role the courts will play in higher education in the next decade, three broad areas of litigation are discussed: allocation of resources, access to the benefits of higher education, and participation in the making of academic decisions. (JT)

Discusses inadequacy in school funding, the history of the school finance litigation movement, inequity in school funding, the Serrano v. Priest decision, legal theories, fiscal neutrality, State constitutional arguments, equal protection arguments, and possible future developments. (JM)

Six principal factors appear crucial to the successful operation and management of university-industry research agreements: (1) leadership; (2) understanding of cultural differences; (3) organizational structure; (4) legal issues, institutional policies, and contractual mechanisms; (5) capacity and resources; and (6) faculty workload. Balancing…

This article examines how legal arguments advocating school finance reform do not provide an adequate basis for dealing with practical problems of implementing such policies. Guidelines for reform of fiscal policy are suggested. (DE)

In this special issue of "Inequality in Education", ESEA Title I and parent participation are the central themes. The leading article describes Title I actions in Calais, Maine, and Providence, Rhode Island. The problems in both these towns appear to be quite different from those in large, industrial cities. The community which would…

In the spring 1995 "JLE" issue, Bruce Meredith and Julie Underwood posited that regular and special education have developed fundamentally different paradigms that hinder cooperation. James Tucker and Jeffrey Champagne responded that regular/special education's conflict over resources is decreasing. Thomas Kuhn would argue that…

Views illegal behavior in education, from sexual discrimination to professional malpractice, as a problem in optimal resource allocation. Urges effective use of fines or their equivalent, so administrators can weigh the benefits of illegal activity against the costs of apprehension and punishment. (Author/RW)

A recent court ruling that the proportion of intercollegiate athletes who are women must equal the proportion of undergraduates who are women is criticized on the grounds that it may compel colleges and universities to distort resource allocations for college athletics and thereby overvalue them. It is argued that such a change would serve no one…