The lack of clear language in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), which is the federal law that governs the provision of special education and related services to children with disabilities in the USA, has led to inconsistencies in school districts' decisions regarding the least restrictive environment (LRE). This uncertainty…

Japan faces an educational challenge even after the start of a new special education system (Tokubetsushienkyouiku). This article addresses the legal framework of the special education system in Japan and analyzes the issues needed to be addressed to reinforce the inclusion of children with disabilities in public regular school settings. The…

The author considers the implications of minimum competency requirements for handicapped students, teachers of the handicapped, and mainstreaming. (SBH)

Medically fragile children do not always require special education services. However, teachers need specialized training before they can teach kids accompanied by life support equipment. Boston's Project School Care advises administrators to consider four sets of procedures: administrative guidelines, plans for providing health care services and…

Written for the principal, the booklet presents an overview of issues involved in mainstreaming handicapped children. Initial sections address the definition of mainstreaming, the rationale for mainstreaming, and suggestions for supporting the special education teacher. The next three Sections concern the administrative and legal aspects of…

The concept of the least restrictive environment for hearing impaired children is viewed in terms of legal implementation, organizational viewpoints, and procedures for determining the least restrictive environment. (CL)

The purpose of this document is to provide charter school authorizers with targeted technical assistance related to special education in charter schools. Charter school laws are unique to each state, and they provide a wide range of policies and practices for the hundred of authorizers chartering schools nationally. As a result, providing…

Surveys ways in which criminal laws are finding their way into cyberspace, the implications of such actions for communicative rights and liabilities, and the media differentials of crime and punishment. Examines crime committed using email and the Internet; computer mediated felonies, misdemeanors, and violations committed in cyberspace; forgery;…

The paper discusses the lack of governmental guidance in providing for the rights of handicapped children in Scotland. (PHR)

The legal implications of exclusionary practices, integration, and program adjustments, modification, and supplementary services for special needs students in vocational education are discussed. In reply, B. Balow does not foresee the courts attempting to judge which technology should be used with handicapped students. See also EC 133 816-823. (CL)

School administrators are caught between the special education requirements of a free appropriate education and the mainstreaming preference embodied in federal law. This article analyzes circuit court cases and explains four overlapping judicial standards that influence mainstreaming decisions. Administrators should avoid blanket-separation and…

Mandating inclusion for all special-needs students would return education to the 1950s, when student options were extremely limited. Full inclusion, requiring the regular education teacher to learn a monumental number of additional skills, may be state-of-the-art education for the 90s--the 1890s. Restricting all students to the same learning…

This article addresses legal concerns regarding the use of level systems to manage students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Concerns pertain to a failure to individualize the program, including restricted access to the least restrictive environment, curricular issues, and procedural concerns. A decision-making model to aid in designing…

The guide lists resources for the provision of vocational education to handicapped students. Each entry includes information on title, specific concern, groups served, intended users, contents, source, cost, availability, and ease of use. Entries are organized into the following four areas (sample subtopics in parentheses): exceptional students…

The study examined standards applied by judges and hearing officers in deciding disputes related to the least restrictive environment (LRE) placement of handicapped children. The historical basis of the requirement is reviewed, focusing on court decisions; the requirements of P.L. 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act regarding…