Until recently, legal challenges to the use of value-added models (VAMs) in evaluation and teacher employment decisions in federal court had been unsuccessful. However, in May 2017 a federal court in Texas ruled that plaintiff-teachers established a viable federal constitutional claim to challenge the use of VAMs as a means for their termination…

This document analyzes different approaches to the goal of equal educational opportunity and discusses the judicial role in achieving it. One approach argues that equal dollars or equal facilities and services must be provided to each pupil. Some people have contended that racially segregated schools deprive minority students of an equal…

This article provides a section-by-section analysis of Title IX and suggests a legal framework in which to evaluate separate or different treatment of the sexes in the activities to which it applies. (Author)

In discussing the constitutional aspects of the sex-role debate in the U.S. the author traces the tradition, compares the present criterion of equal protection to the equal rights argument, and analyzes the equality principle with reference to affirmative action and to childbearing and childrearing, supporting the proposed equal rights amendment.…

The movement to decriminalize homosexuality is well launched and will no doubt continue. However, legal reform cannot itself bring about a complete redefinition of homosexuality. Gay activist groups are searching for other institutions that repress or inhibit homosexuals' liberation. (Author)

THERE ARE SEVERAL CAUSES FOR CONCERN ABOUT EDUCATION IN HUMAN RIGHTS. CONFLICTING VALUES ARE PLAYING AN INCREASING ROLE IN THE INTERNATIONAL COLD WAR. THERE IS A PRESENT DANGER THAT, IN THE ANXIETY TO WIN THE RACE OF SPACE AND TECHNOLOGY, THE U.S. MAY NEGLECT THE STRUGGLE OF VALUES WHICH IS SO CRUCIAL IN WINNING THE WAR FOR FREEDOM. THERE IS A…

Affirmative action is seen as causing dissension and cleavages in the civil rights coalition. Requisites suggested for winning support for affirmative action are thorough knowledge of its rationale and components, assuring whites they will not be pushed out of jobs, and a continued emphasis on the urgency for affirmative action. (Author/AM)

Discusses inadequacy in school funding, the history of the school finance litigation movement, inequity in school funding, the Serrano v. Priest decision, legal theories, fiscal neutrality, State constitutional arguments, equal protection arguments, and possible future developments. (JM)

Significant changes in United States culture during the past 25 years and court decisions resulting from legal suits challenging traditional educational procedures have made the future course of education very unpredictable. The social unrest of the 1960s brought about innovations such as open classrooms and nongrading systems in the wake of…

THE 1954 SUPREME COURT DECISION IN "BROWN VERSUS BOARD OF EDUCATION," DECLARING RACIAL SEGREGATION IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS DISCRIMINATORY AND IN VIOLATION OF THE EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE OF THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT, IS A LANDMARK IN AMERICAN LEGAL AND POLITICAL HISTORY. IT IS INFERRED FROM THE 1954 DECISION THAT THE RIGHT TO BE FREE FROM…

Guidelines which reflect the level of the parents' legal involvement is advocated to protect the child's "best interests": when parents choose mediation, a specialist in child custody is appointed to educate and assist in the decision-making process; when parents choose litigation, counsel is appointed to represent the child. (Author)

Attempts to provide a framework to assess legal problems of discrimination in upper level employment, focusing primarily on discrimination in hiring and promotion. (Authors)

In the case of Ingraham vs. Wright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that under the eighth amendment school children do not have constitutional protection from the use of corporal punishment. The majority decision relies heavily on assumptions concerning the tradition and effectiveness of the use of corporal punishment in education. In an…