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Bender, Timothy A. – 1980
The cognitive approach to education and instruction is discussed, with a focus upon achievement test question processing. A model of multiple-choice processing is discussed and used to develop a proposed model of recall processing. Each model is tested by the means of investigating the use of retrieval cues in processing each type of question. The…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Context Clues, Cues, Higher Education
Miller, George A. – 1986
In assessing the quality of science teaching for an effort such as the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), it is important to understand what is meant by scientific thinking--the search for explanations. Instruction should involve higher-order cognitive skill development, but it is difficult to measure reasoning and understanding…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Educational Assessment, Educational Testing


