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Download full textArmstrong, James O.; Armbruster, Bonnie B. – 1991
Visual representations of the main ideas of information text (frames) help middle-grade students learn from reading. A study investigated frame development by middle-grade teachers. Twenty-seven teachers worked alone and collaboratively to frame experimental passages that had been selected from content area textbooks in social studies and science.…
Descriptors: Classroom Techniques, Content Area Reading, Instructional Materials, Intermediate Grades
Armstrong, James O.; And Others – 1991
An exploratory study developed ways to describe systematically a particular graphic organizer, the frame. For the study, 27 middle-grade teachers each constructed 2 frames on sections of fourth-grade science and social studies texts. Teachers also worked collaboratively in pairs and larger groups to produce frames. Collaborative sessions were…
Descriptors: Charts, Content Area Reading, Grade 4, Graphic Organizers
