Sex differences in cognitive skills, grouped into motor, spatial and linguistic areas, are assessed in relation to current theories of cerebral lateralization. Few convincing sex differences exist, either overall, or in interactions with functional localization. Qualifying criteria include age, birth order, culture, sex of experimenter and sex…

The focus is on the metacognitive awareness of ten high-achieving high school pupils from Denmark and England and their cognitive learning process. Un-structured interviews in smaller groups investigates how they say they learn a mathematical concept that is new to them. I develop the "CULTIS model for analysis" (Consciousness,…

This paper argues that successful programs for students with learning disabilities provide ongoing, intensive, explicit, and direct instruction in learning strategies that enable students to become independent learners. It then describes SMARTER teaching, a method developed to help teachers shift their approaches to teaching to make them more…

The demise of the behaviorist paradigm and the rise of the social, cognitive, and interactionist models of second language acquisition (SLA) have led to the understanding that constructivist mechanisms are part of the process. Given the variety of empirical findings and understandings research in the field has yielded, this study attempts to offer…

A discussion of research on the use of the task analysis procedures by both content specialists and instructional psychologists in instructional design. (HB)

Hypothesizes that horizontal decalage, or the mastery of one task but not another formally similar to it, is an expected outgrowth of Piagetian theory. (MB)

What is meant by meaningful instruction is discussed in terms of interest and relevance, pseudo-real problems, unconscious reinforcement, stories for symbols, and mathematical mirrors. That mathematics must be talked about with and by children is emphasized. (MNS)

Examined is the effectiveness of three imagery learning strategies (copy, relational, and hierarchical) for acquiring different outcomes when individuals received visual instructional information varying in visual stimulus complexity. The hierarchical strategy was generally more effective in processing the different levels of information than the…

Research on memory performance in children, the elderly, and individuals under stress is integrated with research on memory performance in college students. Assumptions include: (1) variation in attentional capacity within and between individuals, and (2) encoding operations vary in attentional requirements. Most of the data support the framework.…

Attempts to demonstrate the strategies used by the second language learner in deciphering unfamiliar linguistic material. (AM)

It was concluded that repeated review is more beneficial to deaf than to hearing students, and that it selectively affects memory tasks (recall and recognition) more than tasks requiring higher level processing (concept acquisition and problem solving). (Author/DLS)

The paper divides achievement in chemistry into five independent factors: cognitive, affective, problem solving, routine manipulative skills, and observational modes. The study explores the relationship between student performance in these areas and their responses to a Cognitive Preference Test in chemistry. (RE)