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Direct linkSchmidt, Henk G.; Loyens, Sofie M. M.; Van Gog, Tamara; Paas, Fred – Educational Psychologist, 2007
Kirschner, Sweller, and Clark (2006) suggest that unguided or minimally guided instructional approaches are less effective and efficient for novices than guided instructional approaches because they ignore the structures that constitute human cognitive architecture. While we concur with the authors on this point, we do not agree to their equation…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Cognitive Structures, Problem Based Learning, Educational Principles
Kirschner, Paul A.; Sweller, John; Clark, Richard E. – Educational Psychologist, 2006
Evidence for the superiority of guided instruction is explained in the context of our knowledge of human cognitive architecture, expert-novice differences, and cognitive load. Although unguided or minimally guided instructional approaches are very popular and intuitively appealing, the point is made that these approaches ignore both the structures…
Descriptors: Instructional Design, Teaching Methods, Cognitive Structures, Learning Processes
