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Peer reviewedBray, Norman W.; Reilly, Kevin D.; Villa, Mark F.; Grupe, Lisa A. – Developmental Review, 1997
Reviews research on external memory strategies, provides a rationale for using neural network models, and discusses their application to intellectual and developmental differences in the external memory strategies of typical and atypical children, including those with mental retardation. Examines mechanisms of intellectual differences and…
Descriptors: Child Development, Individual Development, Individual Differences, Learning Processes
Peer reviewedBjorklund, David F.; Miller, Patricia H.; Coyle, Thomas R.; Slawinski, Jennifer L. – Developmental Review, 1997
Extends the concepts of utilization deficiencies in a review of 30 years of memory-training research. Finds that over half of training conditions showed at least one type of utilization deficiency. Utilization deficiencies were more common for younger than for older children and were more likely when training involved multiple, rather than single,…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Child Development, Learning Processes, Learning Strategies
Peer reviewedEllis, Shari – Developmental Review, 1997
Recent research has documented the variety of memory strategies children have in their repertoires at different ages and with different degrees of task experience. Of growing importance is understanding the processes by which children choose among available approaches. Evidence suggests that sociocultural influences shape individual repertoires of…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Children, Context Effect, Cultural Influences
