Creating concept maps is considered to be a powerful means for learning. It requires students to systematically organize and integrate their knowledge, which can foster meaningful learning. However, students scarcely spontaneously engage in the (meta)cognitive processes necessary for effective knowledge integration, such as reflection, which can…

The current study aims to examine the effects of implicit learning on Japanese EFL junior college students' writing. The concept of written corrective feedback (WCF) has continued to receive much attention in second language acquisition research. Although most researchers have been supportive of explicit WCF for the development of accuracy, others…