Care must be given to align curricular goal and instructional methods, materials, and assessments. Student effort, student interest in science and pupil perseverance are key factors that impact the learning process. Educators must be aware of the interactions among these critical concepts to assist students in attaining desired outcomes.

The process of acquiring language is often depicted as a tiered process of oral development: listening and speaking; and, literacy development: reading, and writing. As infants we first learn language by listening, then speaking. That is, regardless of culture, or dialect we are first immersed in language in this oral context. It is only after one…

Today's school principal has a plethora of duties and responsibilities. Among many others, he/she is expected to supervise and monitor teacher progress in the classroom. Too frequently in the past, principals performed largely management duties in schools, but now each principal must also assist in teaching and learning situations. How might the…

This paper discusses the various aspects of mathematics teaching and learning at the elementary school level. The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) standards are reviewed by giving examples and a list of principles of learning in mathematics is offered. Principles include the following: 1) the need for pupils to perceive learning…

An examination of the role of process and content in social studies is offered. Concludes that both are equally important and that diverse process goals may be emphasized in guiding students to achieve viable facts, concepts, and generalizations. (JDH)

Which words should students master in spelling? Language arts teachers can involve pupils in planning a list of words to learn to spell through a specific activity or experience, with sequentially planned lists aiding each learner to become a better speller. Pupil-teacher planning to determine scope and sequence in the spelling curriculum should…

A collection of seven essays about current topics involving social studies curriculum is presented in this document. "Priorities in the Social Studies" considers curriculum-related issues and social problems that need to be addressed. "The Student and the Psychology of Learning" suggests criteria that should be considered by teachers when…

This paper suggests that vocabulary knowledge is closely related to the background knowledge required for reading a text. It suggests ways in which the reading teacher can select objectives for pupils to achieve in the area of vocabulary development, emphasizing what is relevant and functional. The paper makes the following recommendations:…

To help students develop needed skills in listening, teachers need to (1) encourage improved listening through interesting learning activities, (2) involve students in presenting ideas as well as listening to content, (3) vary kinds of learning experiences, (4) provide direct training in listening skills, (5) recognize differences in students'…

Part 1 of this paper discusses contributions made by diverse schools of thought in the philosophy of education to the development of a relevant social studies curriculum. The relevance of major philosophical approaches to teaching and learning is considered in light of the approaches' influences on instructors' teaching styles and students'…

Discussing various aspects of the language arts curriculum, this guide contains the following essays: (1) "Listening and the Child in the Language Arts Curriculum," which details a philosophy for teaching and learning in the language arts; (2) "Creative Writing in the Curriculum," which outlines ways teachers can help students achieve creatively;…