This qualitative case study examined the complicated process that School Building Learning Communities (SBLCs) navigated in regard to the pre-referral process due to the pandemic. Rooted in the theories of John Dewey (2018) and Howard Gardner (1996), this research was conducted by way of interviews and a reflective journal of 12 educational…

Statistical learning (SL), the ability to detect and extract regularities from inputs, has been considered as an early-maturing and domain-general mechanism that is critical for typical language development. However, recent evidence in neurotypical adults and children have found that individuals can vary in their SL abilities across linguistic and…

The past thirty years have shown a rise in models of language acquisition in which the state of the learner is characterized as a probability distribution over a set of non-stochastic grammars. In recent years, increasingly powerful models have been constructed as earlier models have failed to generalize well to increasingly complex and realistic…

This case study involves one public school in a suburb of a major metropolitan area, focusing on one classroom of first grade students selected from a pool of volunteer classrooms. The first grade class of students, during their regular mathematics instruction, were given three tasks by their teachers designed to elicit a productive struggle…

The COVID pandemic and ongoing risks to school safety drastically increased interest in full-time virtual school enrollment at the start of the decade. However, virtual schools have historically struggled to achieve mathematics outcomes comparable to their face-to-face counterparts and are at risk if they do not find ways to improve student…

Many students in the United States are not proficient in mathematics. Mathematics vocabulary is one area that may impact students' understanding of and engagement with mathematics. This dissertation investigated the implementation, effectiveness, and teacher's perceptions of a program for teaching mathematics vocabulary necessary for fourth grade…

Higher education and K-12 institutions have seen an increase in dual-credit participation for students with learning challenges. Given the rapid growth in the dual-credit programs and increasing numbers of students entering higher education institutions with learning challenges, more research was needed to support students in dual-credit programs…

Problem-solving has been playing an important role in predicting students' academic achievement, cognitive skills, and future careers. It plays an even more important role in English learners (ELs), especially those who are at-risk for math learning difficulties, because they face more severe challenges in language. As more English learners…

Struggle is a behavior that is often perceived in a negative light in education. Students respond to struggle by avoiding them. Likewise, educators respond by removing obstacles (e.g., heavily scaffolded instruction) or providing assistance prematurely. The ability and opportunity to engage in struggle, specifically productive struggle, is…

A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury that can have a serious effect on a young, developing brain. Following a concussion, it is common for children and adolescents to experience difficulties in the school setting. Schools may be the ideal setting to address some of the problems children experience as schools employ some personnel with…

While e-technology plays an important role in education, there have been some countries that have not yet utilized e- technology to reform their education goals and meet the global standards as other advanced countries. As of today, in many less developed countries such as Iraq, faculty members support traditional styles of teaching and do not…

School models have been slow to evolve, however, expectations of students in terms of schoolwork and homework have increased year over year. These increased demands require a high level of Executive Functioning (EF). However, a disconnect between the demands of schools and children's developing EF system have led to increased incidences of…

SWLD are often underperforming in STEM courses compared to their peers without learning difficulties. Furthermore, how students perform in 9th grade is found to be a strong predictor of high school success, graduation, enrolling, and persisting in college (Easton et al., 2017). The study aimed to investigate whether the use of PBA, a…

Geometry education is an important aspect of STEM education and career development, but it is often overlooked in K-12 education in the United States. Although there is some research on teaching geometry to students with learning difficulties at the elementary level, there is a lack of research on teaching advanced geometry skills at high school…

Strong knowledge of foundational mathematics concepts is essential for success in high school mathematics courses, yet only one-third of middle school students in Hawai'i demonstrated proficiency in grade-level mathematics in 2019. Despite this problem, there are only a few studies investigating interventions aimed at addressing gaps in students'…