To help young students succeed in problem-based learning (PBL), researchers suggested investigating students' need for cognition (NFC), one's inclination to exert mental effort during learning. How one puts mental effort into a learning task is related to motivation. If motivated, students are more likely to engage in challenging tasks, put in…

Scratch is widely used as an introductory educational tool for computer programming. However, little is known about how the action of adding favorite projects on Scratch social media influences programming skill improvement. On Scratch social media, learners select personally intriguing projects to view and learn from. Favorite projects both…

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is an approach to learning which aims to improve learners' learning outcomes. In the SRL cycle, the quality of students' reflections is a critical factor in SRL performance that can improve learning outcomes. The feedback provided by teachers often has a significant impact on the quality of students' reflections.…

Gathering information from students' answers to open-ended questions helps to assess the quality of teachers' practices and its relations with students' motivation. The present study aimed to use sentiment analysis, an artificial intelligence-based tool, to examine students' responses to open-ended questions about their teacher's communication.…

This study investigated the effectiveness of localized learning content (LLC) in enhancing computational thinking (CT) skills and learning motivation among 6th-grade elementary school students in Busan, South Korea. In contrast to conventional methodological approaches, our research focuses on the transformative power of culturally and…

An increasing number of studies has observed that immersive virtual reality (iVR) technology using head-mounted displays (HMDs) can facilitate learning outcomes. However, most studies have been exploratory and were executed in laboratory settings instead of being implemented and orchestrated in authentic teaching settings. Furthermore, iVR design…

Digital game-based learning (DGBL) has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance students' learning effectiveness. Concept mapping, recognized as a valuable tool for knowledge construction, has been widely implemented in educational settings. However, research indicates challenges when integrating concept maps into games, particularly when the…

The measurable effects of music in online learning remains a topic of extensive debate, largely due to inconsistent findings within existing literature. Many of these inconclusive results stem from research methodologies that focus on singular perspectives, often overlooking a balance between cognitive challenges and emotional benefits of…

The current monument guide teaching has proven to have many challenges, as the learning effectiveness may be reduced by external interference in the real guide activities, and online approaches may cause the problem of insufficient interaction. This study integrated role-playing and multi-dimensional scaffolding theories to develop a remote…

Oral practice is challenging for foreign language education, and Corrective Feedback (CF) is often used to point out learners' pronunciation errors and to help them improve their oral skills in foreign language courses. CF is generally considered as a necessary condition for foreign language acquisition, and "reflection" and…

Role-play tasks have long been used by researchers and practitioners to observe L2 (Second language) speaking performance. This social-situated simulation allows students to employ their language skills to converse about real-life themes. While role-plays are highly plausible to actively engage students in interactive learning environments, it has…

In most physical education courses, teachers generally observe and interact with students face-to-face, so as to assess their learning status and provide immediate and appropriate guidance. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, practical physical education courses moved completely online. Without physical contact, the safety, assessment, and…

Providing appropriate feedback is important when learning to program. However, it is still unclear how different feedback strategies affect learning outcomes in programming. This study designed four different two-step programming feedback strategies and explored their impact on novice programmers' academic achievement, learning motivations, and…

Students need to learn and practice computational thinking and skills throughout PreK-12 to be better prepared for entering college and future careers. We designed a math-infused computer science course for third to fifth graders to learn programming. This study aims to investigate the impact of the course on students' knowledge acquisition of…

The integration of wearables in education environments to enhance teaching and learning is an emerging area of research. However, many studies lack the rigor of formal research designs and results are inconclusive. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the overall effect of wearable use on learning and motivation outcomes and describe…