Digital educational platforms have become ubiquitous in American classrooms, with tools like Google Workspace for Education, Kahoot!, Zearn, Khan Academy, and many others now structuring curriculum, instruction, collaboration, assessment, and communication. This policy brief highlights how these platforms are not neutral "tools" but…

In a context where current forms of governance and polity across many societies are engaging with 'platformisation', the paper argues that the utility and consequences of using a theory of pedagogy can provide a different way to explain how digital technology might 'determine' subjectivity. This paper describes the key process of how platforms…