The most important educational contribution of the Rosa Sensat college in Barcelona, Spain, is its style of in-service teacher training, encouraging teachers to examine deficiencies in their own work to identify the basis for a new approach. The educational history of this teacher-training college founded in 1965 is discussed. (RM)

Examines Catalan's remarkable revival in Catalonia (Spain) in the past 20 years. Discusses the 1978 referendum designating "autonomous communities," their languages having co-official status with Spanish; increases in Catalan usage in many sectors and among the young; Catalan usage in education; and challenges related to bilingual…

This article traces the development of Swettenham's thought and action in the sphere of formal education in the Federated Maylay States. This reappraisal of Swettenham's career is designed to cast light upon the early years of British Malaya, and upon the strengths and failings of its educational system. (Author/SJL)

In the complex ethnic mosaic of Macedonia, the Romani people (Roms) have maintained their separateness while at the same time functioning as an integral and accepted part of everyday Macedonian life. This paper reports that, although Roms seek to participate in Macedonian formal educational institutions using their own language, the Romani…

The aim of this paper is to attempt a comparative analysis, in a historical context, of attempts to move education policy for Maoris in New Zealand and Indians in the United States away from an assimilationist model and to demonstrate the relevance of this comparison to contemporary developments. (Author)

Today's fear that English is losing ground to the languages of recent immigrants parallels similar reactions throughout U.S. history. Traces historical moves to establish English as the official language and the development of bilingual education. Concludes that, although legislating of language use is nearly impossible, English as the unofficial…

This paper considers the declining use of Irish (Gaelic) as a language of instruction in both Ulster and the Republic of Ireland in this century. Policy statements are analyzed. Tables list percentages of primary and secondary schools conducted in Irish, English, or bilingual modes over the decades. (SJL)

The author briefly traces the change in educational policy for foreign-speaking students from English-only in the 1930s to bilingual education today. While noting the promise of bilingual education, she points out attitudinal and administrative problems which need correction. (SJL)

The ways in which Canada has been encouraging bilingualism through the higher education system is viewed both from the perspective of second-language instruction itself and more general education in a second-language medium. The rise in support for bilingualism in Canada as a whole is considered. Changes are recommended. (MSE)

Describes the historical relationship of education in South Africa to political and economic events; demonstrates how the current educational system is being manipulated to sustain apartheid; and emphasizes that education must be used to promote social change and create a more egalitarian social order. (Author/MJL)

Examines the intellectual arguments and thinking that might have accorded primacy to English in Trinidad and Tobago in the colonial period, and the ways in which formal schooling inculcated and imposed English. Draws on school records and evaluations of the curriculum and student performance to analyze how managers policed the English-language…

From 1949 to 1957, the Chinese Communist Party's language policy took a pluralistic approach. A Chinese-monopolistic language policy was dominant, 1958-77. A pluralistic approach was again adopted from 1977 to the present. The Chinese experience illustrates how language minorities everywhere must balance maintaining their home language with…

In the first half of the 20th century, the social functions of the indigenous languages in Chukotka, in northeast Asia, increased due to the development of written languages, local press, and broadcasting on radio and television. From 1933 to 1989, the local press of indigenous peoples in Chukotka was used for Communist Party propaganda. However,…

English grammar, as a formal subject, distinct from other branches of instruction in the vernacular, made but sporadic appearances in the American schools before 1775. After the Revolution its rise was extremely rapid. English grammar gained momentum as the hold of Latin grammar weakened, and by the end of the first quarter of the nineteenth…

The "language struggle" has been a focus of disagreement throughout South Africa's educational history. In contemporary South Africa, the issue of the language used as a medium of instruction has been most controversial in black education, where the government's policy of initial native language instruction has been widely denounced as…