Demonstrates through an examination of naturally occurring discourse that Wh-Clefts and It-Clefts are not interchangeable; they have highly specialized distributions and functions. (EJS)

To investigate the semantic organization of bilinguals, multi-dimensional scaling was applied to a series of direct pair comparisons among a group of symbols from both languages. Results indicate that semantic content is the primary determinant of the bilingual's semantic structure. (Author/AM)

Discusses the change in the use of the address form "Frau" in German caused by the change in the social roles of women. (TL)

Considers children's understanding and use of contrast in language, including discussion of the role contrast plays in adult speech, the kinds of contrast commonly exemplified, and possible tests for sameness or difference of meaning. (CB)

Examines the age at which and the form in which children produce speech acts which commit them to a future action. Results revealed that all of the four- to 11-year-olds produced directive speech acts, but only the older children used the explicit performative verb "promise" to reassure the hearer of their commitment. (Author/CB)

A relatively common way to establish a new verb is to give verbal form to a noun, but it also exposes some irregularities of the language, and the rules that govern it. Although this is largely a phenomenon of the twentieth century, evidence of it appears in Rabelais' work. (MSE)

First examines German modal verbs with respect to multiple meanings and synonymy, finding that "implications," especially presuppositions, account for important differences in their uses. The same approach is used on French modals. Common features and differences are studied, and typical errors are predicted and classified. (Text is in…

This article discusses the words formed by the addition of the suffix "-oide" in Spanish. (Text is in Spanish.) (CLK)

Analyzes some common sex biases in everyday language and changes in the meanings of words over a period of time. (RB)

Part of Lexicography and Dialect Geography, Festgabe for Hans Kurath''. Comments are based on the compiling of A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue''. Paper presented at the Table Ronde de Lexicographie Historique, Florence, Italy, May 4, 1971. (DD)

Revised version of a paper presented at the November 1967 meeting of the Philological Association of the Pacific Coast, Victoria, B.C., Canada. (DD)

Tinkering with the language inhibits the meeting of minds. (Editor)