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Download full textGray, Bethany; Geluso, Joe; Nguyen, Phuong – ETS Research Report Series, 2019
In the present study, we take a longitudinal, corpus-based perspective to investigate short-term (over 9 months) linguistic change in the language produced for the spoken and written sections of the "TOEFL iBT"® test by a group of English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners in China. The goal of the study is to identify patterns that…
Descriptors: Grammar, Computer Assisted Testing, Phrase Structure, Language Proficiency
Attali, Yigal; Sinharay, Sandip – ETS Research Report Series, 2015
The "e-rater"® automated essay scoring system is used operationally in the scoring of the argument and issue tasks that form the Analytical Writing measure of the "GRE"® General Test. For each of these tasks, this study explored the value added of reporting 4 trait scores for each of these 2 tasks over the total e-rater score.…
Descriptors: Scores, Computer Assisted Testing, Computer Software, Grammar
Kobrin, Jennifer L.; Shaw, Emily J. – College Board, 2012
It is well-documented that students' prior knowledge, cultural background, and language proficiency play a role in how they read, interpret, and respond to writing tasks (Barkaoui, 2007; Connor & Kramer, 1995; Hinkel, 2002). Essays written by students from different language backgrounds often differ in their linguistic, stylistic, and…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Scores
