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Direct linkMonteiro, Kátia R.; Crossley, Scott A.; Kyle, Kristopher – Applied Linguistics, 2020
Lexical items that are encountered more frequently and in varying contexts have important effects on second language (L2) development because frequent and contextually diverse words are learned faster and become more entrenched in a learner's lexicon (Ellis 2002a, b). Despite evidence that L2 learners are generally exposed to non-native input,…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Benchmarking
Download full textTywoniw, Rurik; Crossley, Scott – Language Education & Assessment, 2019
Cohesion features were calculated for a corpus of 960 essays by 480 test-takers from the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) in order to examine differences in the use of cohesion devices between integrated (source-based) writing and independent writing samples. Cohesion indices were measured using an automated textual analysis tool, the…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Connected Discourse
Haberman, Shelby J. – Educational Testing Service, 2011
Alternative approaches are discussed for use of e-rater[R] to score the TOEFL iBT[R] Writing test. These approaches involve alternate criteria. In the 1st approach, the predicted variable is the expected rater score of the examinee's 2 essays. In the 2nd approach, the predicted variable is the expected rater score of 2 essay responses by the…
Descriptors: Writing Tests, Scoring, Essays, Language Tests
Li, Miao; Kirby, John R.; Cheng, Liying; Wade-Woolley, Lesly; Qiang, Haiyan – Reading Psychology, 2012
This study investigated the effects of English and Chinese phonological awareness (PA) and naming speed (NS) on English reading achievement and the evidence for cross-linguistic transfer in Chinese English-immersion students. English PA was a significant predictor of English reading achievement for immersion students in Grades 2 and 4. There was…
Descriptors: Reading Achievement, Phonological Awareness, Grade 4, Grade 2
Green, Anthony – Assessing Writing, 2005
The IELTS test is widely accepted by university admissions offices as evidence of English language ability. The test is also used to guide decisions about the amount of language study required for students to satisfy admissions requirements. Guidelines currently published by the British Association of Lecturers in English for Academic Purposes…
Descriptors: Foreign Students, Writing Tests, Guidelines, English for Academic Purposes
