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Nicole Tracy-Ventura; Amanda Huensch; Jonah Katz; Rosamond Mitchell – Language Learning, 2025
Most second language acquisition (SLA) research has documented the processes involved in learning second/foreign languages, with few studies focusing on the durability of attained second language (L2) skills once instructed learners/users are no longer receiving formal instruction. The current study examines the effects of continued exposure and…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Skill Attrition, Language Tests, Language Proficiency
Farshad Effatpanah; Purya Baghaei; Hamdollah Ravand; Olga Kunina-Habenicht – International Journal of Testing, 2025
This study applied the Mixed Rasch Model (MRM) to the listening comprehension section of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) to detect latent class differential item functioning (DIF) by exploring multiple profiles of second/foreign language listeners. Item responses of 462 examinees to an IELTS listening test were subjected…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Second Language Learning, Listening Comprehension, English (Second Language)
Hamed Ghaemi; Robert Kirkpatrick – Language Testing in Asia, 2025
This study examines the impact of teacher metapathy, or teachers' capacity to comprehend and sympathize with students' emotional and cognitive requirements, on the academic outcomes of IELTS applicants, such as total band scores, motivation, and language learning orientation. Ten IELTS teachers from five language training centers and 100 IELTS…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Tests, English (Second Language), Scores
Shanshan He; Anne-Marie Sénécal; Laura Stansfield; Ruslan Suvorov – Language Testing, 2025
Test preparation has garnered considerable attention in second language (L2) education due to the significant implications that successful performance on a language test may have for academic advancement, future career opportunities, and immigration prospects. Meanwhile, an overemphasis on test preparation has been criticized for encouraging the…
Descriptors: Literature Reviews, Second Language Learning, Language Tests, Study Habits
Budi Waluyo; Ali Zahabi; Benjamin Panmei – MEXTESOL Journal, 2025
Despite the vast research on test anxiety and test performance since the 1950s, studies on how students' English test anxiety affects their English proficiency test performance in the context of second- and foreign language learning remain few. Therefore, using a quantitative research design, this study explored students' English test anxiety and…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Test Anxiety, Language Proficiency
Emma Bruce; Karen Dunn; Tony Clark – Language Testing, 2025
Several high-stakes English proficiency tests including but not limited to IELTS, PTE Academic, and TOEFL iBT recommend a 2-year time limit on validity for score usage. Although this timeframe provides a useful rule-of-thumb for the recency of testing, it can have far-reaching consequences. In response to stakeholder queries around IELTS validity…
Descriptors: High Stakes Tests, Language Tests, Test Validity, Scores
Hamed Ghaemi; Zahra Khorsand – African Educational Research Journal, 2024
This study delves into writing scores in both tests, aiming to uncover the reasons behind score differences. Through comprehensive comparative analysis, this research explores scoring patterns, criteria, and score distributions in IELTS and PTE writing sections. It investigates sources of score variation, including task design, rating criteria,…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Scores, Language Tests, Second Language Learning
Anna Mouti – Language Learning in Higher Education, 2024
Plurilingual competence or repertoire of languages refers to all individuals being potentially plurilingual. As plurilingual competence and language repertoires are individual, assessment modes targeted to the individual and localized to the context should be encouraged. This study explored and depicted the plurilingual profile of Italian Studies…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Higher Education, Second Language Learning, Italian
Daniel R. Isbell; Leeseul Park; Meghan Delaney – Vocabulary Learning and Instruction, 2024
Vocabulary knowledge plays an important role in language learning and language proficiency, but it is difficult to know how much of a role it plays without appropriate vocabulary measures. In this article, we first discuss learner vocabulary in our research on Korean as a second/foreign language. Unable to find appropriate measures for receptive…
Descriptors: Korean, Second Language Learning, Vocabulary Development, Language Tests
Exploring Language Assessment Literacy: A Case of Perceived Needs of Two Stakeholder Groups in Egypt
Amira Desouky Ali – International Journal of Training and Development, 2024
Stakeholders in exam-driven countries are responsible for developing test-related tasks to assess the quality of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching and learning. Hence, the language assessment literacy (LAL) of different stakeholders has to be investigated. This mixed-methods study explored the required LAL competencies among two groups…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Assessment Literacy, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language)
Adriana Weisleder; Margaret Friend; Angeline Sin Mei Tsui; Virginia A. Marchman – Language Learning, 2024
A large number of children are exposed to more than one language. One well-established method of assessing early vocabulary development in monolingual children is parent report; however, its use in bilingual/multilingual contexts is less established and brings unique challenges. In this methodological scoping review, we reviewed studies of early…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Multilingualism, Vocabulary Development, Definitions
Ching-Ni Hsieh – ETS Research Report Series, 2024
The TOEFL Junior® tests are designed to evaluate young language students' English reading, listening, speaking, and writing skills in an English-medium secondary instructional context. This paper articulates a validity argument constructed to support the use and interpretation of the TOEFL Junior test scores for the purpose of placement, progress…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Scores
Xueliang Chen; Vahid Aryadoust; Wenxin Zhang – Language Testing, 2025
The growing diversity among test takers in second or foreign language (L2) assessments makes the importance of fairness front and center. This systematic review aimed to examine how fairness in L2 assessments was evaluated through differential item functioning (DIF) analysis. A total of 83 articles from 27 journals were included in a systematic…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Tests, Test Items, Item Analysis
Joshua Matthews; Ahmed Masrai; Kriss Lange; Stuart McLean; Emad A. Alghamdi; Young Ae Kim; Yukie Shinhara; Saori Tada – TESOL Quarterly: A Journal for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages and of Standard English as a Second Dialect, 2024
Aural lexical knowledge (ALK) is crucial for second language (L2) listening. Despite its importance, there is scant research that has validly explored the relationship between ALK and L2 listening across different English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts. In an effort to broaden this research base, the current study closely replicates a…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning
Angela Gardner; Karen Lichtman – Foreign Language Annals, 2024
This study investigated how questioning strategies impact language learner performance. Specifically, it explored how questioning strategies influence (i) verb production and subject-verb agreement in the target language, and (ii) learner confidence in completing tasks without translation software. Sixty-eight novice language learners enrolled in…
Descriptors: Questioning Techniques, Second Language Learning, Spanish, High School Students