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Download full textMessick, Samuel – 1996
The concept of "washback," especially prominent in the field of applied linguistics, refers to the extent to which a test influences teachers and learners to do things they would not otherwise necessarily do. Some writers invoke the notion of washback validity, holding that a test's validity should be gauged by the degree to which it has…
Descriptors: Applied Linguistics, Construct Validity, Criteria, Language Tests
