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Peer reviewedLightbown, Patsy; And Others – TESOL Quarterly, 1993
In response to Stephen D. Krashen, Patsy M. Lightbown and Manfred Pienemann argue that comprehensible input will not always be sufficient to bring about developmental change or increased accuracy in the learning environment. Krashen replies that the research shows that effects of direct instruction are typically short lasting and do not become…
Descriptors: Communicative Competence (Languages), Grammar, Language Research, Learning Strategies
