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Swain, Merrill – 1971
A definition of bilingualism can include speakers of different languages as well as those who speak several dialects or several sub-varieties of dialects in the same language. Most speakers are able to practice code-switching, whether it is from language to language or dialect to dialect, and the processes involved in such a capability may be the…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Child Language, Cognitive Processes, Dialects
Engel, Walburga von Raffler – 1970
Assuming that an infant's first stage of verbal communication is melodic and the result of controlling the motion of the vocal cords, a question arises concerning the second stage in development. Is it the shaping of the oral cavity of the direction of the articulators? The author's observation of an infant through his first year of development…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Articulation (Speech), Child Language, Communication (Thought Transfer)