English-medium universities often accept scores from various English language proficiency (ELP) tests as evidence of ELP from non-English background students. This practice raises the question of how these tests compare in terms of their ability to predict academic achievement. This longitudinal study addresses this question by examining the…

In the rapidly evolving language education landscape, integrating innovative pedagogical approaches is essential to meet the diverse needs of learners. This study explores the efficacy of a Micro-Learning Media with Station Rotation Blended Learning Model (MLM-SRM) in enhancing the Japanese communication skills--specifically speaking, listening,…

This study investigates the impact of customer willingness to communicate in a second language on the development of employee language skills, with employee oral communication aspiration as a mediator. Additionally, it explores the moderating roles of customer retention management and consumer brand relationship quality in these relationships. The…

Indonesia's linguistic landscape is among the most diverse in the world, yet its many indigenous and minority languages face increasing marginalization amid the widespread use of Bahasa Indonesia and English. This study examined university students' perspectives on language diversity and the preservation of heritage languages within the context of…

This study examines context effects on lexical processing by low-proficiency Japanese learners of English during sentence comprehension, and the role of individual differences in verbal working memory (WM). Thirty Japanese learners of English as a second language (L2) and 27 speakers of English as a first language (L1) were recruited for a…

In semantic fluency tasks, participants employ semantic search strategies (clustering and switching) to facilitate word retrieval. Clustering involves producing sequences of related words, while switching refers to shifting between different semantic categories. Analyzing these strategies provides insights into the structure of the mental lexicon…

This study investigated the role of ChatGPT4o as an AI peer assessor in English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) speaking classrooms, with a focus on its scoring reliability and the effectiveness of its feedback. The research involved 40 first-year English major students from two parallel classes at a Chinese university. Twenty from one class served as…

Background/purpose: The integrated skills approach has enhanced students' English proficiency and classroom engagement, yet challenges persist in its effective implementation. This study examines the impact of a pedagogical framework, based on six fundamental teaching stages, on students' English proficiency in General English classrooms and…

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and challenges of using monolingual dictionaries among second-year technical students at the Technical Institute of Research in Basrah. The research employed a quasi-experimental design, and the required data was collected from 120 students who were categorized as upper intermediate learners based…

This study explores how Google Assistant can enhance the speaking skills of English as a foreign language (EFL) learners with an emphasis on involvement, pronunciation, accuracy, and fluency. The study addresses the main question of whether Google Assistant helps EFL students become more proficient speakers through various approaches. A total of…

The present study aimed to examine whether the first-letter identity/position advantage in the Roman script could be generalized to Chinese-English bilinguals with different scripts and to address the mechanism underlying the first-letter advantage in Chinese-English bilinguals. Four types of nonwords (substituted-first letter nonwords, e.g.…

It is important to be able to identify research results likely to have been arrived at by means of "'p'-hacking," a common term for research and reporting practices (such as the selective reporting of results) that are biased toward finding "p" < [alpha]. This paper discusses and demonstrates "'p'-curving," a means…

Advanced oral proficiency is an integral part of language teacher education and has been for decades. To date, little research exists that investigates practicing K-12 nonnative language teachers' target language (TL) maintenance habits. This study presents the results of a research study that investigated the TL proficiency maintenance practices…

Developing advanced proficiency in a second language benefits both learners and the societies to which they belong. Educators, employers, and learners can define advanced level proficiency in a language as being able to use language for academic and professional purposes beyond daily life. But being able to use the language at work is not the only…

Over past decades, there has been a paradigm shift in WL instruction, moving away from traditional, grammar-based programs and toward instruction that promotes student proficiency in the target language. Despite this growing attention to proficiency-based instruction, few studies have investigated the relationship between proficiency-based…