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Download full textUmansky, Ilana M.; Valentino, Rachel A.; Reardon, Sean F. – Stanford Center for Education Policy Analysis, 2015
One in five school-age children in the U.S. speaks a language other than English at home (Zeigler & Camarota, 2014). Roughly half of these emerging bilingual students (Garcia, 2009) are classified as English learners (ELs) when they enter school, meaning they do not meet state or district criteria for English proficiency (NCES, 2015). As the…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Immersion Programs, Bilingual Students, English Language Learners
Peer reviewedKramsch, Claire – Modern Language Journal, 1986
The American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages' guidelines for foreign language teaching and learning focus on the linear acquisition of grammatical structures, but this proficiency will not automatically lead to interactional competence. Enthusiasm generated by the proficiency movement should be redirected toward a push for…
Descriptors: Coherence, Communicative Competence (Languages), Educational Needs, Interaction
