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Nikolov, Marianne; Timpe-Laughlin, Veronika – Language Teaching, 2021
Given the exponential growth in the popularity of early foreign language programs, coupled with an emphasis of evidence-based instruction, assessing young learners' (YLs) foreign language abilities has moved to center stage. This article canvasses how the field of assessing young learners of foreign languages has evolved over the past two decades.…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Measurement, Second Language Programs
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Juffs, Alan; Harrington, Michael – Language Teaching, 2011
This article reviews research on working memory (WM) and its use in second language (L2) acquisition research. Recent developments in the model and issues surrounding the operationalization of the construct itself are presented, followed by a discussion of various methods of measuring WM. These methods include word and digit span tasks, reading,…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Research, Short Term Memory, Learning Processes