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Download full textLing, Guangming; Gu, Lin – ETS Research Report Series, 2019
While many researchers have studied the relationship of socioeconomic status (SES) to adult learners' English language proficiency levels, little is known about this relationship for young learners (i.e., teenagers). In this study, we investigated the degree to which access to English language learning, as reflected by learners' SES, is associated…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Language Tests, Language Proficiency
Ling, Guangming; Wolf, Mikyung Kim; Cho, Yeonsuk; Wang, Yuan – ETS Research Report Series, 2014
Although English-as-a-second-language (ESL) programs for matriculated students have been a presence in U.S. higher education since the 1940s, little has been documented in the literature concerning ESL courses, ESL placement tests, and the procedures in which incoming students are placed into appropriate classes.The present study takes three…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Instruction, Higher Education, Program Content
Ling, Guangming; Powers, Donald E.; Adler, Rachel M. – ETS Research Report Series, 2014
One fundamental way to determine the validity of standardized English-language test scores is to investigate the extent to which they reflect anticipated learning effects in different English-language programs. In this study, we investigated the extent to which the "TOEFL iBT"® practice test reflects the learning effects of students at…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Computer Assisted Testing
