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Minority Languages, National State Languages, and English in Europe: Multilingual Education in the Basque Country and Friesland
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Cenoz, Jasone; Gorter, Durk – Journal of Multilingual Education Research, 2019
This article focuses on minority languages in education in Europe in contexts where they are in contact with national state languages and English. Teaching minority language implies bilingual education because it is not about replacing the majority language, but to come 'alongside' or at 'equal footing'. The cases of Basque and Frisian, comparing…
Descriptors: Language Minorities, Multilingualism, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Communicative Anxiety in English as a Third Language
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Santos, Alaitz; Cenoz, Jasone; Gorter, Durk – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2017
The present study focuses on the link between three factors, proficiency, language certificates and bilingualism, and levels of communicative anxiety in the third language (English) in two groups of adult users, university students and young professionals. The first group consisted of 217 university students who were enrolled at the University of…
Descriptors: Communication (Thought Transfer), Anxiety, Questionnaires, English (Second Language)