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Hickey, Tina M.; Lewis, Gwyn; Baker, Colin – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2014
A challenge noted in a number of endangered language contexts is the need to mix second-language (L2) learners of the target language with first-language (L1) speakers of that language in a less planned way than is found in the two-way immersion approach. Such mixing of L1 speakers of the target language with L2 learners arises from the difficulty…
Descriptors: Welsh, Language Maintenance, Language Skill Attrition, Foreign Countries
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Lewis, Gwyn; Jones, Bryn; Baker, Colin – Educational Research and Evaluation, 2012
Following from Lewis, Jones, and Baker (this issue), this article analyses the relationship between the new concept of "translanguaging" particularly in the classroom context and more historic terms such as code-switching and translation, indicating differences in (socio)linguistic and ideological understandings as well as in classroom…
Descriptors: Code Switching (Language), Translation, Bilingualism, Bilingual Education