Paper presented to the staff of the English Language Branch--Defense Language Institute, Lockland Air Force Base, Lockland, Texas, 1973. (HW)

THIS WORKBOOK WAS WRITTEN TO ENABLE PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEERS LIVING IN THE PHILIPPINES TO ANALYZE AND LEARN THE LANGUAGE SPOKEN IN THEIR REGION. IT WAS ASSUMED THAT THE VOLUNTEER WOULD HAVE SOME TRAINING IN TAGALOG BUT NOT NECESSARILY A KNOWLEDGE OF LINGUISTIC TERMS OR METHODS. THE AUTHOR ALSO ASSUMES THAT THE VOLUNTEER WILL WORK WITH A NATIVE…

This manual is designed to provide instruction for persons who have learned well a dialect of Eastern Arabic, Levantine, and who desire to use a Western Arabic dialect, Moroccan. Special features of Western Arabic pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, and social usage are listed. Attention is given to the recognition of correspondences between the…

APPLIED LINGUISTICS CAN ASSIST TEACHERS OF FRENCH AND SPANISH IN DETECTING ERRORS IN PITCH, INTONATION, RHYTHM, WORD COMBINATION, AND SOUND REPRODUCTION, AS WELL AS IN ENABLING THEM TO DO A PROFESSIONAL JOB OF TEACHING STUDENTS MORE ACCURATE SPEECH HABITS. AS THE TEACHER CONCENTRATES ON THE SOUND OF THE LANGUAGE, HE MUST VALUE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF…

This course in Ga was designed for use by a teacher who is a professional linguist, perhaps with the assistance of a native speaker of Ga. In preparing the course, the authors had in mind that Ga has not yet been accorded the detailed description and analysis that some other Ghanian languages have received. This is especially true in matters of…

THIS MANUAL IS DESIGNED AS TEACHING MATERIAL FOR THE STUDY OF YAKUT, A TURKIC LANGUAGE SPOKEN BY ABOUT 250,000 YAKUTS IN EASTERN SIBERIA (YAKUTIA). THE TEXT IS ALSO ARRANGED TO BE USED FOR SELF INSTRUCTION BY A STUDENT WITH SOME KNOWLEDGE OF ANOTHER TURKIC LANGUAGE. WHILE SUCH KNOWLEDGE IS NOT ESSENTIAL, A BASIC UNDERSTANDING OF LINGUISTICS IS…

THIS MANUAL PRESENTS A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR OF TATAR, ONE OF THE TURKIC LANGUAGES BELONGING TO THE NORTH-WESTERN (KIPCHAK) BRANCH. IT IS SPOKEN BY NEARLY FIVE MILLION PEOPLE IN THE AUTONOMOUS TATAR SOVIET REPUBLIC OF THE USSR. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE LANGUAGE AND ITS MAIN DIALECTS IS GIVEN IN THE INTRODUCTION, WHICH ALSO INCLUDES A SELECTED…

THIS MANUAL PRESENTS A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR OF THE BASHKIR LANGUAGE, A MEMBER OF THE NORTHWESTERN (KIPCHAK) BRANCH OF THE TURKIC LANGUAGE FAMILY. BASHKIR, WHICH CLOSELY RESEMBLES VOLGA TATAR, IS SPOKEN BY ALMOST ONE MILLION BASHKIRS IN THE BASHKIR SOVIET REPUBLIC. THE BASHKIR LITERARY LANGUAGE, WHICH APPEARED IN THE 1920'S, IS WRITTEN IN THE…

This paper discusses some theoretical aspects of contrastive phonetics. A fundamental problem in contrasting the sound structure of two languages is the question of equivalence between the two sound systems. There are four possible criteria: (1) similar spelling; (2) similar phonetic description and transcription; (3) use of phonological criteria;…

In any given context, a Russian verb form may be either perfective or imperfective. Perfective aspect signals the completion or result of an action, whereas imperfective does not. Aspect choice is a function of context, and two types of context are distinguished: deterministic and non-deterministic. This paper is part of a larger study whose aim…

This grammar presents a comprehensive, structural treatment of Russian. Intended primarily for students of Russian and Slavistics as a textbook or manual for use in a course on Russian linguistic structure, it also serves as a reference grammar based on the principles of structural linguistics. The three major sections consider the sound system,…

DESIGNED AS A SOURCE OF INFORMATION FOR PROFESSIONALS PREPARING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS, PLANNING COURSES, OR DEVELOPING CLASSROOM TECHNIQUES FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROGRAMS, A SERIES OF STUDIES HAS BEEN PREPARED THAT CONTRASTS, IN TWO VOLUMES FOR EACH OF THE FIVE MOST COMMONLY TAUGHT FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN THE UNITED STATES, THE SOUND AND GRAMMATICAL…

DESIGNED AS A SOURCE OF INFORMATION FOR PROFESSIONALS PREPARING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS, PLANNING COURSES, OR DEVELOPING CLASSROOM TECHNIQUES FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROGRAMS, A SERIES OF STUDIES HAS BEEN PREPARED THAT CONTRASTS, IN TWO VOLUMES FOR EACH OF THE FIVE MOST COMMONLY TAUGHT FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN THE UNITED STATES, THE SOUND AND GRAMMATICAL…

A completely revised edition of "A Modern Grammar of Spoken Amharic," this book is presented as a practical text for the student of the language. The 43 chapters of the text present a descriptive analysis of the sound system and grammar. Except for verbal prefixes and suffixes and partially Semitic vocabulary, the structure of Amharic is…

This is a contrastive analysis of Dari and Pashto, both official languages of Afghanistan, with a view toward outlining the difficulties faced by speakers of Dari learning Pashto as a second language. The main focus is on morphological structures, although phonology is also briefly dealt with. The brief phonological comparison, with emphasis on a…