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Penfield, Joyce – 1982
Chicano English, spoken by many Chicanos and some Anglos, is an ethnic variety of English that serves as a marker of social identity, and it has specific linguistic parameters. It is similar to standard English, and often exists alongside interference English, spoken by Spanish-speakers beginning to learn English. Research supports the argument…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Classroom Techniques, Educational Strategies, English
Betancourt, Francisco – 1985
The three conditions given in the literature for the pervasiveness of linguistic insecurity (a speaker's attitude toward his or her own speech revealed in face to face interaction through the upward or downward shift of language forms) exist in the case of speakers of the Spanish vernacular of Puerto Rico. The conditions are: the rise of a middle…
Descriptors: Error Patterns, Ethnic Groups, Grammatical Acceptability, Language Attitudes
