The objective of this analysis was to summarize the characteristics and trends of retractions in Chinese biomedical literature over the past 15 years. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Retraction Watch Database and Web of Science, focusing on retracted publications authored by Chinese researchers in the biomedical field from January 2009 to October 2023. The evolving characteristics and trends of retractions were analyzed comprehensively. A total of 7509 retracted publications across 1251 journals were included, with research papers comprising the majority (6708/7509, 89.33%). The number of retractions has increased significantly over the past 15 years, with a notable surge occurring after 2019. Retractions resulted from a range of complex reasons, with academic misconduct being the predominant cause (92.45%, 6942/7509). Significant differences were noted among various influential journals and in time lag associated with retractions. Compared to journals indexed in the Emerging Sources Citation Index, those indexed in the Science Citation Index-Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index exhibit a notably shorter retraction time lag. The retractions involved 34 research institutions, with East China, particularly Shandong Province, displaying the highest number of retractions, thus highlighting the prominence of scientific misconduct. The prominence of scientific research misconduct in the Chinese biomedical field underscores the need for heightened awareness, systemic improvements, and enhanced supervision to promote high-quality and stable research.