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Smith, Mark D. – Theory and Research in Social Education, 2018
History education scholars have recognized the need for test validity research in recent years and have called for empirical studies that explore how to best measure historical thinking processes. The present study was designed to help answer this call and to provide a model that others can adapt to carry this line of research forward. It employed…
Descriptors: History Instruction, Multiple Choice Tests, Cognitive Tests, Protocol Analysis
Yepes-Baraya, Mario – 1996
The cognitive processes students use in doing the 1996 science assessment of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) were studied using two booklets from the 1993 NAEP science field test. Blocks of items from these booklets, a hands-on task block and either a conceptual/problem solving block or a theme block, were administered to 16…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Construct Validity, Difficulty Level, Grade 8

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