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Direct linkBack, Michele – Modern Language Journal, 2013
Researchers in second language socialization (SLS) often examine those interactions relating to a learner's integration within a target community. Kramsch and Whiteside (2008) noted the importance of "symbolic competence" in this integration. Symbolic competence, defined as the ability to access contextually relevant social and political…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Socialization, American Indian Languages, Cultural Awareness
Reciprocity in the Pupil-Teacher Interactions of Autistic and Mildly Handicapped Preschool Children.
Peer reviewedSimpson, Richard L.; Souris, Lisa A. – Behavioral Disorders, 1988
Reciprocal interactions between teachers and two groups of preschoolers (four autistic, four mildly developmentally delayed) were observed and recorded. Teachers or aides ignored most negative initiations. Although most neutral interactions (e.g., question-answer) were reciprocal, students (especially the autistic group) did not respond…
Descriptors: Autism, Classroom Communication, Classroom Observation Techniques, Developmental Disabilities
