Language used in situations in which speakers cannot rely on shared social, physical, or historical contexts has been referred to as "decontextualized." Many researchers believe that the use of decontextualized language is at the core of literacy--that reading and writing are consummate acts of decontextualization. Somewhat intermediate…

Dynamics of negotiation interaction between education researchers and Native Indian community members, to define researchers' normative roles, are illustrated by examples from a research project in a northern British Columbia community. Negotiation types are categorized as game actions: face games, relationship games, exploitation games, and…